As an example, consider a person riding a bicycle, with the person acting like the electric motor. If that person tries to trip that bike up a steep hill in a gear that’s made for low rpm, she or he will struggle as
they attempt to maintain their stability and achieve an rpm which will allow them to climb the hill. However, if indeed they shift the bike’s gears right into a swiftness that will create a higher rpm, the rider could have
a much easier time of it. A continuous force can be applied with smooth rotation being provided. 
The same logic applies for commercial applications that want lower speeds while maintaining necessary
torque.
• Inertia coordinating. Today’s servo motors are generating more torque in accordance with frame size. That’s because of dense copper windings, lightweight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they want to move. Using a gearhead to raised match the inertia of the motor to the inertia of the load allows for utilizing a smaller engine and outcomes in a more responsive system that’s simpler to tune. Again, this is accomplished through the gearhead’s ratio, where the reflected inertia of the load to the motor is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia is the way of measuring an object’s resistance to change in its movement and its own function of the object’s mass and shape. The higher an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the object. This means that when the strain inertia is much bigger than the engine inertia, sometimes it can cause extreme overshoot or increase settling times. Both conditions can decrease production series throughput.
On the other hand, when the electric motor inertia is larger than the strain inertia, the motor will require more power than is otherwise essential for this application. This raises costs since it requires spending more for a electric motor that’s bigger than necessary, and because the increased power intake requires higher operating costs. The solution is by using a gearhead to complement the inertia of the motor to the inertia of the load.
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